|
1. Council on Environmental Quality, Executive Office of the President, Environmental Trends
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1981), 84.
2. World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac (Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1994), 101.
3. U.S. EPA, Executive Summary: The National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report (Based on
1999 Data), June 2001, Exhibit 1
4. EPA, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (November 1986),1.
5. For a good review of the effect of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals on
farmworkers in the United States, see U.S. General Accounting Office, Hired Farm Workers, Health and Well-Being at Risk. Report to Congressional Requesters (1992). Both the Public Health
Institute and the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union have detailed the health effects of wastes on oil and gas workers.
6. Texas Water Commission (TWC), Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs in
Texas for Texas Water Commissioners (May 1992), Appendix IX, 5.
7. EPA, Office of Hazardous Waste and Emergency Response, Superfund web site homepage
(http://www.epa.gov/superfund/oerr/), July 20, 1998.
8. EPA, The National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report (Based on 1995 Data) (August 1997), 4.
9. EPA, Office of Solid Waste, "Basic Facts about Waste," web page
(http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/osw/basifact.htm), July 20, 1998.
10. For example, an EPA 2001 report found that Texas facilities generated about 38
percent of all waste in the U.S., and more than three times more than any other state. U.S. EPA, National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report: Based on 1999 Data, Exhibit 1
11. In 1997 the Texas legislature passed HB 956, which amended the definition of medical
waste in the Texas Health and Safety Code to exclude certain items from being categorized as Class 2 medical wastes.
12. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination
Report -- 2002, (TCEQ, 2003), 47)
13. TNRCC, Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and
Contamination Report—1997 (June 1998), 42-43.
14. For example, the Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC) reported a total of 355,000 active
oil and gas wells registered with the state, about 125,000 of which were inactive. An estimated 1.58 million wells have been drilled in Texas over the past 80 years, and RRC records indicated
that only 522,713 have been plugged. Many of these unplugged wells are potential vehicles for the migration of saltwater and hazardous waste injected underground. Richard Ginn, Oil and Gas
Division, RRC, letter to author, January 30, 1998, Austin.
15. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, A Report to the 74th Legislature:
Pollution Prevention and Waste Reduction in Texas (March 1, 1995), 7.
16. TWC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update, 6.
17. TNRCC, Annual Reporting Program for Permitted MSW Facilities (Austin, July 2001)
18. TNRCC, Needs Assessment for Industrial Class I Non-Hazardous Waste Commercial
Disposal Capacity in Texas (Austin, Tx: TNRCC,2000
19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Query run on TRI Explorer (www.epa.gov/triexplorer), September 2003
20. TWC, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan (July 1993), 5.
21. TNRCC, 1995 Hazardous Waste Generation by County (Database provided by Waste Planning and
Assessment Division), 1997. In 1995, Jefferson County had overtaken Harrison County as the fifth highest county in terms of the amount of hazardous waste generated.
22. TWC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update, 4.
23. TWC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update, 4.
24. TNRCC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1995 Update, 3.
25. TNRCC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1995 Update, 4.
26. Shell Oil, for example, which ranked second in 1991, producing more than 19 million tons,
dropped to number six in the waste ranking, producing 6.3 million tons by 1995. The Amoco Chemical Company produced 8.3 million tons in 1991 and occupied fourth place on the waste ranking
list. By 1995 Amoco had dropped to 30th, producing 1.5 million tons.
27. TNRCC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management Based on 1999 Data (June 2001), 8
28. TNRCC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management Based on 1999 Data (June 2001), 8
29. TCEQ, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management Based on 1999 Data, 2002, Table 1 and 5
30. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste
Management Based on 1999 Data (2002), Figure 7
31. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management
Based on 1999 Data (2002), Section 2
32. TCEQ, Waste Planning and Assessment Division, Needs Assessment for Industrial Class I
Non-hazardous Waste Commercial Disposal Capacity in Texas (2000 Update), Table 2.
33. TNRCC, Needs Assessment (1996),Tables 4 and 5.
34. TCEQ, Needs Assessment for Commercial Management Capacity of Hazardous Waste in Texas:
2002 Update, Table ES-2 and Table ES-3
35. TCEQ, Needs Assessment for Commercial Management Capacity of Hazardous Waste in Texas:
2002 Update, Table ES-4
36. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica, Banco de Informacion
Economica, Estadisticas del Sector Maquiladora, 2003
37. Article III of La Paz Agreement. See also "The Decree for the Promotion and Operation of
the Maquiladora Exporting Industry," Diario Oficial, August, 1983.
38. TCEQ, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management Based on 1999 Data (2002), 2.2.3
39. EPA, Region 6, HAZTRAKS Database, April 1998.
40. World Bank, The World Bank Executive Project Summary: Mexico: Northern Border Environment
Project, 1993 (Washington, D.C., 1993).
41. INE (Instituto Nacional de Ecología), Programa para la minimización y manejo integral de
residuos industriales peligrosos en México 1996-2000 (Mexico City, 1996), 45, 69-71.
42. EPA, Region 6, "Improvements to Waste Tracking System Expanded to Include Mexico's New
Aviso de Retorno," Border Bulletin 2, no. 5 (December 1998): 4.
43. TCEQ, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management Based on 1999 Data (2002), Table 3
44.
45. EPA, 1997 Texas Toxics Release Inventory Report (April 2, 1998).TNRCC, Annual
Reporting Program For MSW Facilities (TNRCC:Austin, July 2001),2
46. World Resources Institute, 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac, 102.
47. Texas House Research Organization, Bill Analysis: HB 1567, April 22, 2003, 11)
48. Jablonski, interview with author.
49. Jablonski, interview with author.
50. Jablonski, interview with author.
51. Jablonski, interview with author.
52. Texas Health and Safety Code, Section 402.222.
53. See Title 10 of Code of Federal Regulations. Both the state and federal definitions of
low-level radioactive waste exempt irradiated reactor fuel and high-level radioactive wastes from their definitions of low-level radioactive wastes.
54. All low-level radioactive waste storage facilities must be licensed by the Bureau of
Radiation Control, a division of the Texas Department of Health. Jablonski, interview with author.
55. Kurt Fernandez, "Texas Office Recommends Denial of License for Radioactive Waste Site,"
Environment Reporter 29, no. 11: 561.
56. World Resources Institute, 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac, 102.
57. Nicholas Lenssen, Nuclear Waste: The Problem That Won't Go Away (Worldwatch Institute, December 1991), 9.
58. A. Woodward, D. Roder, et al., "Radon Daughter Exposures at the Radium Hill Uranium Mine
and Lung Cancer Rates among Former Workers, 1952-1987," Cancer Causes Control 2, no. 4 (1991): 213-220.
59. Jablonski, interview with author.
60. Ginn, letter to author, January 30, 1998.
61. Steve Etter, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, TNRCC, phone interview with author,
September 1994, Austin.
62. TNRCC, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report, 1993, 52.
63. Etter, interview with author.
64. Richard Ratliff, Bureau of Radiation Control, Texas Department of Health, letter to author, November 1997, Austin.
65. TNRCC, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report—1996, Table 1.
66. SB 1857 of the 75th Legislature amends Section 401 of the Health and Safety Code.
67. Underground Injection Control, TCEQ, "Class III Permits and Status," September 30, 2003.)
68. Underground Injection Control, TCEQ, "Class III Permits and Status," September 30, 2003.)
69. Dale Kohler, Uranium Injection Control Division, TNRCC, phone interview with author, September, 1994, Austin.
70. Ratliff, letter to author.
71. Information from Citizens Against Radioactive Dumping (http://www.unm.edu/~rekp/card.html), May 1998.
72. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts (TCPA), Forces of Change: Shaping the Future of
Texas, vol. 11, pt. 1 (November 1993), 466.
73. TWC, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan, 2.
74. For example, Andrew Szasz argues that pollution prevention gained favor among industries
when national laws made pollution disposal costly through regulations and local opposition made siting disposal facilities extremely difficult. The choice left to industry was to not produce
the wastes at all. Szasz, EcoPopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), 140-146.
75. TNRCC, "Clean Texas 2000 Gains Momentum," Texas Environment (Winter 1994), 4.
76. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, letter to author, December 11, 1997, Austin.
77. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, letter to author.
78. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, letter to author.
79. TNRCC, "Texas Drives National Pollution Prevention," News Release, May 13, 1999.
80. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, TNRCC, A Report to the 75th
Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Recycling in Texas (March 1997), 15.
81. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, letter to author.
82. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, letter to author.
83. TNRCC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1997 Update, Table 4.
84. Andrew Neblett, Office of Pollution Prevention, TNRCC, interview with author, July 1994, Austin.
85. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, letter to author.
86. TCPA, Forces of Change, vol. 11, pt. 1, 465.
87. Patti Jacobs, Market Strategies International, phone interview with author, September 1994, Austin.
88. EPA, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem, 24.
89. EPA, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem, 25.
90. EPA, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem, 25.
91. TNRCC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1997 Update, Table 1.
92. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management
Based on 1999 Numbers (2002), Tables 1, 3, 4 and 5; and TCEQ, "Hazardous Waste Management by County," STEERS Database, 2002)
93. TWC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update, 14. These totals do not
include the quantity of waste burned at fuel blenders, either in-state or out-of-state since these blenders ultimately ship these wastes to cement kilns for incineration.
94. TNRCC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1997 Update, Table 3.
95. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management
Based on 1999 Numbers (2002), Tables 4 and 5
96. Leslie Bell, Industrial and Hazardous Waste, TNRCC, phone interview with author, October 1997, Austin.
97. Texas Air Control Board, Final Report of Texas Air Control Board Task Force on
Waste-Derived Fuels for Cement Kilns (February 1993), Appendix C.
98. U.S. General Accounting Office, Environmental Protection: Interim Actions to Better
Control Cement Kiln Dust (August 1995), 5.
99. U.S. General Accounting Office: Environmental Protection . . . Cement Kiln Dust, 3.
100. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination
Report -- 2002, 2003, 48
101. U.S. EPA, National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report (Based on 1999 Data), 2001
102. Texas Department of Water Resources, Underground Injection Operations in Texas (December 1984), 3-1.
103. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination
Report -- 2002, 2003, 41).
104. TCEQ, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management Based on 1999 Data, 2002, Tables 1, 4 and 5)
105. Richard Ginn, Environmental Services Division, RRC, letter to author, February 1998, Austin.
106. TNRCC, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report—1996, 72.
107. Office of Technology Assessment, Technologies and Management Strategies for Hazardous
Waste Control (Washington, D.C., March 1983), 195.
108. Office of Technology Assessment, Technologies and Management Strategies for Hazardous Waste Control, 190.
109. U.S. General Accounting Office, Hazardous Waste: Controls over Injection Well Disposal Operations, 21.
110. United States General Accounting Office, Hazardous Waste: Controls over Injection Well Disposal Operations, 21.
111. A table of groundwater contamination kept by the TNRCC lists two confirmed cases of
spills, of chlorinated solvents and BTEX, at the American Ecology site. TNRCC, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report—1996, Table 2.
112. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination
Report -- 2002, 2003, 64.
113. TNRCC, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report, 1997, Table 2.
114. EPA, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem, 15.
115. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination
Report -- 2002, (TCEQ, 2003), 47)
116. TCEQ, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management Based on 1999 Data, 2002, Tables 1, 4 and 5
117. TWC, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan, 4.
118. "Four Petroleum Wastes Listed as Hazardous," Texas & Southwest Environmental News 8, no. 4 (July 1998): 2.
119. TWC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update, 14.
120. TWC, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update, 14.
121. Susie Frizlen, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, TNRCC, phone interview with
Texas Center for Policy Studies, July, 1994.
122. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination
Report -- 2002, 2003, 65
123. Kurt Fernandez, "Texas Office Recommends Denial of License for Radioactive Waste Site,"
Environment Reporter, vol. 29, no. 11, 561.
124. TCEQ, Annual Enforcement Report -- 2002, Table 23A
125. Wendy Rozacky, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, TNRCC, interview with Texas
Center for Policy Studies, August, 1994.
126. TCEQ, Annual Enforcement Report -- 2002, Table 25A)
127. Rozacky, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, TNRCC, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies.
128. Information from EPA, Office of Hazardous Waste and Emergency Response, Superfund web
site homepage (http://www.epa.gov/superfund/oerr/), Nov. 10, 1998.
129. TWC, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs, Appendix IX, 5.
130.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Accomplishment Figures, Summary Fiscal Year (FY) 2003, available at www.epa.gov/superfund/action/process/numbers.htm)
131. Testimony by Barry Johnson, Ph. D, Assistant Surgeon General, Assistant Administrator,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Before the Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste
Management, United States Senate, May 6, 1993.
132.
U.S. PIRG Education Fund, Cleanup Slowdown: How Under-Funding The Superfund Program Harms Communities Across America (August 2003), Executive Summary)
133. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Query run on NPL List Website, September 29, 2003).
134. TCEQ, Texas State Superfund Registry, September 19, 2003, available at http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/permitting/remed/superfund/registry.html).
135. Texas House of Representatives, House Research Organization, Bill Analysis of CSHB 2776 (1997).
136. See EPA, Region 6, Progress at Superfund Sites in Texas (Dallas, Winter 1993-1994). For
example, 17 of the 30 national Superfund sites are connected to either oil and gas production wastes or to chemical wastes.
137. TWC, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs, Appendix IX, 7.
138. TWC, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs, 1.
139.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Accomplishment Figures, Summary Fiscal Year (FY) 2003, available at www.epa.gov/superfund/action/process/numbers.htm)
140. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Priorities List Sites in Texas, available at http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/tx.htm)
141. Texas State Superfund Registry, September 19, 2003, available at
http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/permitting/remed/superfund/registry.html).
142. TWC, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs, Appendix IX, 6.
143. TNRCC, Biennial Report to the 76th Legislature, vol. 2 (1998), 47.
144. TNRCC, Office of Waste Management, State Superfund Quarterly Status Report for the
Quarter Ending December 31, 1996, 9-10.
145. Texas Department of Health, An Investigation of a Cluster of Neural Tube Defects in
Cameron County, Texas (July 1, 1992), 20.
146. The Texas Department of Health continues to investigate and monitor neural tube defects
through a special project.
147. Jean Brender and Lucina Suarez, "Paternal Occupation and Anencephaly," American Journal
of Epidemiology 131, no. 2 (1990): 517-521.
148. The National Toxics Campaign Fund monitored air in Matamoros and found high levels of
benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene, while samples in water canals used by industries to dispose of toxic wastes revealed solvent levels thousands of times above both U.S. and Mexican
standards. See Sanford Lewis et al., Border Trouble: Rivers in Peril, a Report on Water Pollution Due to Industrial Development in Northern Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Toxics Campaign
Fund, May 1991).
149. The settlement, however, did not represent an admission of guilt by the industries.
150. Texas Department of Health, Texas Neural Tube Defect Project (TNTDP): Semi-annual Report
(October 1, 1996-March 31, 1997), 6.
151. Some sites are not eligible for inclusion in the program. These include sites that are
under an active or pending TNRCC enforcement order or are operating under an RCRA hazardous waste permit or under interim status.
152.
TCEQ, VCP Database of Applications, June 2002. Does not include those applications that were withdrawn by applicant or rejected by TCEQ for not meeting criteria)
153. Texas House of Representatives, House Research Organization, Bill Analysis of CSHB 2776 (1997).
154. EPA, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem, 10.
155. EPA, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem, 10.
156. Don Fawn, Spills: Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst (Austin: TWC, 1992) , 3.
157. Fawn, Spills, 5.
158. Fawn, Spills, 6.
159. TNRCC, "Texas' First Line Against Spills," Natural Outlook, Summer 1998)
160. Fawn, "TNRCC Emergency Response Requirements."
161. Oil and Gas Division, Railroad Commission of Texas, "H-8 Reported Spills-- 2002.")
162. Greg Pollock, Deputy Commissioner, Letter to Cyrus Reed, Texas Center for Policy
Studies, Texas General Land Office, September 11, 2003
163. GLO, Texas Oil Spill Prevention and Response Division, information faxed to author.
164. William Rathje and Cullen Murphy, Rubbish (New York: Harper Perennial, 1990), 42.
165. Rathje and Murphy, Rubbish, 42.
166. World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac (Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1994), 110.
167. Paul Wilson, "Changing Direction toward a Sustainable Culture," Northwest Report: A
Newsletter of the Northwest Area Foundation, no. 19. (St. Paul: Northwest Area Foundation, January 1996), 4.
168. Paul R. Ehrlich, Gretchen C. Daily, Scott C. Daily, Norman Myers, and James Salzman,
"No Middle Way on the Environment," Atlantic Monthly, December 1997, 99. This quote is taken from the 1992 World Scientists "Warning to Humanity" signed by more than 1,500 of the world's
leading scientists.
169. World Resources Institute, 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac, 92.
170. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, "Basic Facts" www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/municipal/facts 2002
171. Office of Technology Assessment, Green Products by Design: Choices for a Cleaner
Environment, 1992 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, OTA-E-541), 23.
172. Stuart Hart, "Strategies for a Sustainable World," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1997, 67.
173. World Resources Institute, World Resources: A Guide to the Global Environment, 1996-97
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 57.
174. World Resources Institute, World Resources, 57.
175. This refers to the number of tons disposed in permitted municipal landfills in Texas.
176. TNRCC, Municipal Solid Waste Management in Texas: Status Report (1997), 9.
177. Md. Nazrul Hoque and Steve H. Murdock, Texas Population Growth at Mid-Decade (College
Station: Department of Rural Sociology, November 1996), 1.
178. TNRCC, Annual Reporting Program for MSW Facilities: 1997 Data Report (November 30,
1998), attachment 6. The 1997 per capita disposal rate was based on a population of 19, 459,337.
179. TNRCC, Annual Reporting Program for MSW Facilities: 1997 Data Report.
180. TNRCC, Annual Reporting Program for MSW Facilities: 1997 Data Report, 3.
181. TNRCC, Waste Policy Division, Municipal Solid Waste Management Methods, Draft Document (July 1994).
182. TNRCC, Municipal Solid Waste Division, Key Activities Report for November 1994.
183. TNRCC, Municipal Solid Waste Division, Key Activities Report for November, 1994.
184. TNRCC, Municipal Solid Waste Division, Key Activities Report for November, 1994, 29.
185. Robert Cowles Letcher and Mary T. Shell, "Source Separation and Recycling," in The
Solid Waste Handbook, ed. William D. Robinson (New York: Wiley, 1986).
186. Richard Denison and John F. Ruston, "Recycling Is Not Garbage," Technology Review,
October 1997, 57. Materials assessed in these studies included, newspaper, corrugated cardboard, office paper, magazines, packaging, aluminum, steel cans, glass bottles, and certain plastic
bottles.
187. Texas Water Commission, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan (July 1993), 3.
188. TNRCC, Municipal Solid Waste Management in Texas: Strategic Plan (March 1997), 12.
189. TNRCC, Municipal Solid Waste Management in Texas: Strategic Plan, 12.
190. Susan Raleigh Kaderka, "Texas Water Commission Recycling Program," Environmental Trade
Fair '93. Conference Proceedings, vol. 1 (Austin: Texas Water Commission, April 5, 1993), 37.
191. World Resources Institute, 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac, 91.
192. TNRCC, MSW Management in Texas: Strategic Plan, 38.
193. Rathje and Murphy, Rubbish, 198.
194. TNRCC, Pollution Prevention and Recycling in Texas: Report to the 75th Legislature (March 1997), 2.
195. Mt. Auburn Associates, Inc., and Hazen and Sawyer, "Market Development Strategy for
Texas Recyclables," Report prepared for TNRCC, July 20, 1994.
196. TNRCC, Municipal Solid Waste Plan for Texas, Draft for Public Review (October 1994), 49.
197. TNRCC uses the following equation to calculate the recycling rate: tons recycled ÷ tons
landfilled and tons recycled.
198. TNRCC, "Paper or Plastic," Press Release for Clean Texas 2000, Tuesday, March 19, 1996.
199. TNRCC, "Paper or Plastic."
200. Denison and Ruston, "Recycling Is Not Garbage," 59.
201. Richard A. Denison and John Ruston, eds., Recycling and Incineration: Evaluating the
Choices (Washington D.C.: Island Press, for the Environmental Defense Fund, 1990).
202. Nancy Worst, director, Innovative Technology Program, TNRCC, interview with authors, August 8,1994.
203. Environmental Defense Fund, EDF Letter 25, no. 4 (July 1994).
204. Hector Mendieta, Technical Specialist in Waste Policy and Regulations Division, TNRCC.
Written information provided to authors, January 11, 1995.
205. Jeff Bailey, "Fading Garbage Crisis Leaves Incinerators Competing for Trash," Wall
Street Journal, August 11, 1993, A1-A2.
206. TNRCC, Pollution Prevention and Recycling in Texas: Report to the 75th Legislature, 8.
207. TNRCC, Annual Reporting Program for MSW Facilities: 1997 Data Report, 2.
208. TNRCC, Annual Reporting Program for MSW Facilities: 1997 Data Report, 2.
209. TNRCC, Municipal Solid Waste Management in Texas: Status Report, 20.
210. "New U.S. Waste Policy, Pt. 2: Sewage Sludge," Rachel's Environment and Health Weekly,
August 28, 1997 (Annapolis: Environmental Research Foundation).
211. Texas Water Commission, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan (July 1993).
212. TNRCC, Municipal Solid Waste in Texas: A Strategic Plan, 53.
213. "New U.S. Waste Policy, Pt. 2: Sewage Sludge."
214. TNRCC, Request for Legislative Appropriations for Fiscal Years 1994-1995, rev. ed. (October 16, 1992).
215. Denison and Ruston, eds., Recycling and Incineration, 104.
216. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Green Products by Design, 7.
217. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Green Products by Design, 6.
218. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Green Products by Design, 71-73.
According to Hart, economic activity must increase tenfold over today's level just to provide the essentials to a population double its current size; if so, technology will have to improve
tenfold merely to keep the plant at the current levels of environmental burden.
219. Stuart Hart, "Strategies for a Sustainable World," Harvard Business Review, January-February, 1996, 67.
220. Wilson, "Changing Direction toward Sustainable Culture," 4.
221. TCEQ, Needs Assessment for Commercial Management Capacity of Hazardous Waste in Texas:
2002 Update (Austin: TCEQ, December 2002), Appendix 1) and U.S. EPA, Executive Summary: The National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report (Based on 1999 Data), June 2001, Exhibit 1
222. U.S. EPA, The National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report (Based on 1999 Data), Exhibit 3.4)
223.Texas Natural REsource Conservation Commissioner, Annual Reporting Program for
Permitted MSW Facilities,(Austin,TX: TNRCC, July 2001),2
224. TNRCC, Annual ReportingProgram for Permitted MSW Facilities: 2000 Data Summary
Analysis, (Austin:TNRCC, July 2001), 5
225. TNRCC, Market News, December 2001-January 2002
226. Joseph Walton, Waste Planning and Assessment, September 22, 2003
227. U.S. PIRG Education Fund, Cleanup Slowdown: How Under-Funding The Superfund
Program Harms Communities Across America, August 2003
228. TCEQ, Annual Enforcement Report -- 2002, Table 26A.
229. Footnote: Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Division, Texas Department of Health, Monitor, Volume 7 (No. 2), December 2001
230. Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Division, Texas Department of Health, Monitor, Volume 7 (No. 2), December 2001
231. Texas Department of Health, Texas Birth Defects Registry, Data from 1996 -2000, 2002
232. Mark Canfield, Texas Department of Health, "Memorandum on Recent High Rates of Anencephaly in Laredo," May 15, 2001.
233. Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management Based on 1999 Data, 2002, Table 1)
234. TNRCC, Needs Assessment for Industrial Class I Non-Hazardous Waste Commercial Disposal Capacity in Texas, 2000, Table 2).
235. TCEQ, Needs Assessment for Industrial Class I Non-Hazardous Waste Commercial Disposal Capacity in Texas, 2002, Tables 8, 9, 10).
236. TCEQ, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management Based on 1999 Data, 2002, Table 3)
237. TCEQ, "TCEQ regional offices are on the scene to deal with environmental emergencies," Natural Outlook, Spring 2003
238. TCEQ, "TCEQ regional offices are on the scene to deal with environmental emergencies," Natural Outlook, Spring 2003.
239. TNRCC, Waste Reduction Policy Act: Does it Apply to You, August 1999
240. TNRCC, Waste Reduction Policy Act: Does it Apply to You, August 1999
241. TCEQ, Clean Texas Progress Report, February 2002, 4
242. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, TNRCC, A Report to the 75th Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Recycling in Texas (March 1997), 15
243. TCEQ, Clean Texas Progress Report, February 2002, 4
244. TCEQ, Clean Texas Progress Report, February 2002, 15
245. TNRCC, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, letter to author, December 11, 1997, Austin.81
246. HB 3121 was passed by the 77th Legislature).
247. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Fact Sheet: Interim Emission Standards for 1999 Hazardous Waste Combustor Rule, EPA 530-F-02-008, February 2002
248. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Additional Data Available on Wastes STudies in
Report to Congress on Cement Kiln Dust," Federal Register, July 25, 2002
249. TCEQ, Update of Commercial Hazardous Waste Management Capacity, 2002 Needs Assessment
250. TCEQ, Needs Assessment for Commercial Management Capacity of Non-Hazardous Class 1 Waste in Texas: 2002 Update, Figure 1).
251. U.S. EPA, Toxics Release Inventory -- 2001, Query Run on TRIEXPLORER, September 2003)
252. Railroad Commission of Texas, Gas and Oil Well Counts by County as of February 2003.
253. Railroad Commission of Texas, Oil Field Cleanup Program Annual Report, 2002 (RCT: 2003), 5
254. Railroad Commission of Texas, Oil Field Cleanup Program Annual Report, 2002 (RCT: 2003), 14)
255. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report -- 2002, (TCEQ, 2003), 41)
256. TCEQ, Needs Assessment of Commercial Non-Hazardous Class I Waste: 2002 Update, Appendix 1-3).
257. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination
Report -- 2002, 2003, 66)
258. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Accomplishment Figures, Summary Fiscal
Year (FY) 2003, available at www.epa.gov/superfund/action/process/numbers.htm
259. U.S. PIRG Education Fund, Cleanup Slowdown: How Under-Funding The Superfund Program Harms Communities Across America (August 2003), Executive Summary)
260. TCPS, Dwindling Resources, April 2003, Table 2).
261. Texas House Research Organization, Bill Analysis: HB 1567, April 22, 2003)
262. Texas House Research Organization, Bill Analysis: HB 1567, April 22, 2003, 11
263. Texas House Research Organization, Bill Analysis: HB 1567, April 22, 2003, 14
264. Lone Star Chapter of Sierra Club, "TCEQ proceeds with Rules for Radioactive Waste Dumps," Lone Star Sierran, Fall 2003, 11). It is also possible that the compact between Texas, Vermont and Maine could be expanded to include other states, which could increase the amount of waste stored in West Texas.
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