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EXAMPLES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED
BY BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
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WASTE GENERATOR
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WASTE TYPES
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Chemical Manufacturers
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Acids and Bases
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Spent Solvents
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Reactive Waste
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Wastewater Containing
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Organic Constituents
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Printing Industry
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Heavy Metal Solutions
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Waste Inks
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Solvents
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Ink Sludge Containing Heavy Metals
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Petroleum Refining Industry
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Wastewater containing benzene and other hydrocarbons
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Sludge from Refining Process
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Leather Products Manufacturing
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Toluene and Benzene
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Paper Industry
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Paint Waste Containing Heavy Metals
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Ignitable Solvents
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Construction Industry
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Ignitable Paint Waste
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Spent Solvents
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Strong Acids and Bases
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Metal Manufacturing
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Sludges containing Heavy Metals
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Cyanide Waste
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Paint Waste
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Source: Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous
Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, D.C., November 1986), 8.
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Under EPA regulations, solid waste is hazardous if it meets either of the following two conditions:
- The EPA has listed it in one of three categories:
- Source-specific wastes. This list includes wastes from specific industries such as petroleum
refining, wood preserving, and secondary lead smelting, as well as sludge and production processes from these industries.
- Generic wastes. This list identifies wastes from common manufacturing and industrial processes,
including spent solvents, degreasing operations, leachate from landfills, and ink formulation waste.
- Commercial chemical products. This list includes some pesticides, creosote, and other commercial chemicals.
- It exhibits one or more of the following characteristics, subject to certain tests:
- ignitability;
- corrosivity;
- reactivity; or
- toxicity.
Certain wastes are exempt from regulation as hazardous waste under the RCRA even though they may potentially harm
human health or the environment. Exempt wastes include:
- domestic sewage;
- irrigation waters or industrial discharges permitted under the Clean Water Act, so long as they are not stored on site;
- certain nuclear materials as defined by the Atomic Energy Act;
- certain wastes from the exploration and development of petroleum, gas and geothermal energy (petroleum
refinery waste treatment standards are considered hazardous under treatment standards promulgatged in 1998);
- some mining wastes under the "Bevill" amendment, although some of this has since been classified as hazardous;
- household hazardous wastes; and
- agricultural wastes, except some pesticides.
(Source: EPA, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program [November 1986], 5-7.)
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